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Breeds, grades and where beef comes from
Breeds, grading systems, regions and producers: where the marbling, the flavour and the price of beef come from.
Figures: USDA PSD, market year 2025, carcass-weight equivalent.
The beef map
Feeding programmes
Same icons for countries, breeds and producersGrain-finished carries its days on feed when the source gives them. Organic and hormone-free are shown only when a law or a certifier says so.
Breeds
66The same card for every breed. Tap one to see where it comes from on the map.
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British & Irish
Angus
Aberdeen Angus · Red AngusAberdeenshire & Angus, Scotland
Details
- Origin
- Aberdeenshire & Angus, Scotland
- Herd book
- 1862
- Coat
- Black or red
- Horns
- Polled
- Marbling
- High
- Raised in
- Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Argentina, Australia
Marbling, calving ease, early maturity
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British & Irish
Hereford
Polled HerefordHerefordshire, England
Details
- Origin
- Herefordshire, England
- Herd book
- 1846
- Coat
- Red, white face
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Uruguay, Argentina, Australia
Efficient weight gain on grass
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British & Irish
Shorthorn
Durham · Beef ShorthornNorth-east England
Details
- Origin
- North-east England
- Herd book
- 1822
- Coat
- Red, white or roan
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Canada, Argentina, Australia
First breed with a herd book; a founding breed of the Pampas herds
-
British & Irish
Highland
KyloeScottish Highlands and Islands
Details
- Origin
- Scottish Highlands and Islands
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Red, black, yellow or dun; long and shaggy
- Horns
- Long horns
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Hardiness in harsh climates
-
British & Irish
Galloway
Belted GallowaySouth-west Scotland
Details
- Origin
- South-west Scotland
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Black, dun or red; belted variety
- Horns
- Polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Hardiness; thick double coat
-
British & Irish
Welsh Black
Wales
Details
- Origin
- Wales
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Black
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Hardy hill breed
-
British & Irish
Devon
Red RubyDevon and Somerset, England
Details
- Origin
- Devon and Somerset, England
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Red
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Finishing on grass
-
British & Irish
Sussex
Sussex, England
Details
- Origin
- Sussex, England
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Red
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Hardy, docile beef breed
-
British & Irish
Lincoln Red
Lincolnshire, England
Details
- Origin
- Lincolnshire, England
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Cherry red
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Developed from Shorthorn
-
British & Irish
Dexter
South-west Ireland
Details
- Origin
- South-west Ireland
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Black, red or dun
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
One of the smallest cattle breeds
-
British & Irish
Murray Grey
Murray River, Australia (Shorthorn × Angus)
Details
- Origin
- Murray River, Australia (Shorthorn × Angus)
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Grey to silver
- Horns
- Polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Australia
Australian breed from British stock
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Continental
Charolais
Charolais & Nivernais, France
Details
- Origin
- Charolais & Nivernais, France
- Herd book
- 1864
- Coat
- White to cream
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Canada, France, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Australia
Large frame, fast growth, heavy muscling
-
Continental
Limousin
Limousin, France
Details
- Origin
- Limousin, France
- Herd book
- 1886
- Coat
- Golden-red
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- Low
- Raised in
- Canada, France, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Australia
High meat yield, lean carcass
-
Continental
Blonde d’Aquitaine
South-west France
Details
- Origin
- South-west France
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Wheat to blond
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- France, Italy
Heavy muscling, high yield
-
Continental
Salers
Cantal, Auvergne, France
Details
- Origin
- Cantal, Auvergne, France
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Mahogany red
- Horns
- Long, lyre-shaped
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- France
Hardy mountain breed, strong mothers
-
Continental
Aubrac
Aubrac plateau, Massif Central, France
Details
- Origin
- Aubrac plateau, Massif Central, France
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Fawn
- Horns
- Lyre-shaped
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- France
Hardy upland grazer
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Dairy
Normande
Normandy, France
Details
- Origin
- Normandy, France
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Brown and white, brindled
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Dual purpose: milk and beef
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Continental
Simmental
FleckviehSimme valley, Switzerland
Details
- Origin
- Simme valley, Switzerland
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Red or gold with white
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Canada, China, New Zealand, Australia
Dual purpose; widely used in crossbreeding
-
Continental
Gelbvieh
Bavaria, Germany
Details
- Origin
- Bavaria, Germany
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Golden-red
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Canada
Growth and fertility in crossbreeding
-
Continental
Belgian Blue
Belgium
Details
- Origin
- Belgium
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- White, blue roan or black
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- Low
- Raised in
- Ireland, United Kingdom
Double muscling: very lean, very high yield
-
Italian & Iberian
Piedmontese
Razza PiemontesePiedmont, Italy
Details
- Origin
- Piedmont, Italy
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Grey-white
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- Low
- Raised in
- Italy
Double muscling (myostatin variant): very lean
-
Italian & Iberian
Chianina
Val di Chiana, Tuscany and Umbria
Details
- Origin
- Val di Chiana, Tuscany and Umbria
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- White
- Horns
- Short
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Italy
One of the tallest breeds; traditional for bistecca alla fiorentina
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Italian & Iberian
Marchigiana
Marche, Italy
Details
- Origin
- Marche, Italy
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Grey-white
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Italy
Heavy muscling
-
Italian & Iberian
Romagnola
Romagna, Italy
Details
- Origin
- Romagna, Italy
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Grey-white
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Italy
Former draught breed, now beef
-
Italian & Iberian
Maremmana
Maremma, Tuscany and Lazio
Details
- Origin
- Maremma, Tuscany and Lazio
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Grey
- Horns
- Long, lyre-shaped
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Italy
Hardy grazer of coastal scrub
-
Italian & Iberian
Podolica
Southern Italy
Details
- Origin
- Southern Italy
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Grey
- Horns
- Long
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Italy
Hardy, extensive grazing
-
Italian & Iberian
Rubia Gallega
Galicia, Spain
Details
- Origin
- Galicia, Spain
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Blond to wheat
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Spain
Galicia’s native breed; base of Ternera Gallega PGI
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Italian & Iberian
Retinta
Andalucía and Extremadura, Spain
Details
- Origin
- Andalucía and Extremadura, Spain
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Red
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Spain
Dehesa grazing
-
Italian & Iberian
Avileña-Negra Ibérica
Ávila, Castilla y León, Spain
Details
- Origin
- Ávila, Castilla y León, Spain
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Black
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Spain
Base of Carne de Ávila PGI
-
Italian & Iberian
Morucha
Salamanca, Spain
Details
- Origin
- Salamanca, Spain
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Black or grey
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Spain
Dehesa grazing; Carne de Morucha de Salamanca PGI
-
Asian
Japanese Black
Kuroge Washu · WagyuJapan
Details
- Origin
- Japan
- Herd book
- 1944
- Coat
- Black
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- Very high
- Raised in
- Japan
The main Wagyu breed; graded on BMS 1–12
-
Asian
Japanese Brown
Akage Washu · AkaushiKumamoto and Kōchi, Japan
Details
- Origin
- Kumamoto and Kōchi, Japan
- Herd book
- 1944
- Coat
- Brown
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Japan
Leaner Wagyu with more beefy flavour
-
Asian
Japanese Shorthorn
Nihon Tankaku WashuIwate, Aomori, Hokkaido
Details
- Origin
- Iwate, Aomori, Hokkaido
- Herd book
- 1957
- Coat
- Red-brown
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Japan
Grass-reared, lean; a small population
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Asian
Japanese Polled
Mukaku WashuYamaguchi, Japan
Details
- Origin
- Yamaguchi, Japan
- Herd book
- 1944
- Coat
- Black
- Horns
- Polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Japan
Very rare Wagyu breed
-
Asian
Hanwoo
Korean native cattleKorea
Details
- Origin
- Korea
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Yellow-brown
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- South Korea
Korea’s native beef breed, graded 1++ to 3
-
Asian
Qinchuan
Shaanxi, China
Details
- Origin
- Shaanxi, China
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Reddish-brown
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- China
One of China’s five main “yellow cattle” breeds
-
Asian
Luxi
Shandong, China
Details
- Origin
- Shandong, China
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Yellow
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- China
Chinese yellow cattle breed
-
Asian
Nanyang
Henan, China
Details
- Origin
- Henan, China
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Yellow
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- China
Chinese yellow cattle breed
-
Asian
Yanbian
Jilin, China
Details
- Origin
- Jilin, China
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Yellow-brown
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- China
Cold-tolerant breed of north-east China
-
Asian
Jinnan
Shanxi, China
Details
- Origin
- Shanxi, China
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- —
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- China
Chinese yellow cattle breed
-
Zebu
Brahman
American BrahmanUS Gulf Coast, from Indian zebu
Details
- Origin
- US Gulf Coast, from Indian zebu
- Herd book
- 1924
- Coat
- Grey or red
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Colombia, Australia
Heat and tick tolerance; hump and loose skin
-
Zebu
Nelore
NelloreBrazil, from Ongole cattle of India
Details
- Origin
- Brazil, from Ongole cattle of India
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- White to grey
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Paraguay, Brazil
Heat and parasite tolerance on tropical pasture
-
Zebu
Gir
GyrGir hills, Gujarat, India
Details
- Origin
- Gir hills, Gujarat, India
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Red, mottled
- Horns
- Curved back
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Colombia
Domed forehead and long ears; dairy and beef in Brazil
-
Zebu
Guzerá
KankrejGujarat and Rajasthan, India
Details
- Origin
- Gujarat and Rajasthan, India
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Grey
- Horns
- Large, lyre-shaped
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Large dual-purpose zebu
-
Zebu
Ongole
Andhra Pradesh, India
Details
- Origin
- Andhra Pradesh, India
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- White
- Horns
- Short
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Ancestor of the Nelore
-
Zebu
Sahiwal
Punjab, Pakistan and India
Details
- Origin
- Punjab, Pakistan and India
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Reddish-brown
- Horns
- Short
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Heat-tolerant dairy zebu
-
Zebu
Indubrasil
Minas Gerais, Brazil (Gir × Guzerá × Nelore)
Details
- Origin
- Minas Gerais, Brazil (Gir × Guzerá × Nelore)
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Grey to white
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Very long ears
-
Zebu
Boran
Southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya
Details
- Origin
- Southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- White to grey
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Hardy East African beef zebu
-
Composite
Brangus
United States (Angus × Brahman)
Details
- Origin
- United States (Angus × Brahman)
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Black (Red Brangus)
- Horns
- Polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Paraguay, Argentina
Angus beef with Brahman heat tolerance
-
Composite
Braford
United States and Australia (Hereford × Brahman)
Details
- Origin
- United States and Australia (Hereford × Brahman)
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Red, white face
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Argentina
Hereford beef with Brahman heat tolerance
-
Composite
Santa Gertrudis
King Ranch, Texas (Shorthorn × Brahman)
Details
- Origin
- King Ranch, Texas (Shorthorn × Brahman)
- Herd book
- 1940
- Coat
- Cherry red
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Australia
First US beef breed, recognised in 1940
-
Composite
Beefmaster
Texas (Brahman × Hereford × Shorthorn)
Details
- Origin
- Texas (Brahman × Hereford × Shorthorn)
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Variable, often red
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Selected for six performance traits
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Composite
Droughtmaster
Queensland, Australia (Brahman × Shorthorn)
Details
- Origin
- Queensland, Australia (Brahman × Shorthorn)
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Red
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Australia
Tropical beef breed
-
Composite
Bonsmara
South Africa (Afrikaner × Hereford × Shorthorn)
Details
- Origin
- South Africa (Afrikaner × Hereford × Shorthorn)
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Red
- Horns
- Horned or polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- South Africa
Bred by Jan Bonsma for heat and performance
-
Composite
Senepol
St Croix, US Virgin Islands (N’Dama × Red Poll)
Details
- Origin
- St Croix, US Virgin Islands (N’Dama × Red Poll)
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Red
- Horns
- Polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Heat tolerance without zebu blood
-
African
Nguni
Southern Africa
Details
- Origin
- Southern Africa
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Multicoloured patterns
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- South Africa
Hardy Sanga breed; tick resistance
-
African
Afrikaner
South Africa
Details
- Origin
- South Africa
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Red
- Horns
- Long, spreading
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- South Africa
Hardy Sanga breed
-
African
Ankole-Watusi
East Africa (Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi)
Details
- Origin
- East Africa (Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi)
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Red
- Horns
- Very large
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Among the largest horns of any cattle
-
African
N’Dama
Fouta Djallon, Guinea
Details
- Origin
- Fouta Djallon, Guinea
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Fawn to red
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Tolerant of trypanosomiasis
-
Criollo
Texas Longhorn
Texas, from Spanish colonial cattle
Details
- Origin
- Texas, from Spanish colonial cattle
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Many colours
- Horns
- Very long
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Hardiness; lean beef
-
Criollo
Criollo Argentino
Argentina, from Spanish colonial cattle
Details
- Origin
- Argentina, from Spanish colonial cattle
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Many colours
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Argentina
Hardiness in marginal land
-
Criollo
Corriente
Mexico, from Spanish colonial cattle
Details
- Origin
- Mexico, from Spanish colonial cattle
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Many colours
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Small and agile; used in rodeo
-
Criollo
Romosinuano
Sinú valley, Córdoba, Colombia
Details
- Origin
- Sinú valley, Córdoba, Colombia
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Red
- Horns
- Polled
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Polled Colombian criollo
-
Criollo
Blanco Orejinegro
Andean Colombia
Details
- Origin
- Andean Colombia
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- White, black ears
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Colombian criollo of the mountains
-
Criollo
Costeño con Cuernos
Caribbean coast, Colombia
Details
- Origin
- Caribbean coast, Colombia
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Red
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- —
Colombian criollo of the coast
-
Dairy
Holstein-Friesian
Friesland, Netherlands
Details
- Origin
- Friesland, Netherlands
- Herd book
- —
- Coat
- Black and white
- Horns
- Horned
- Marbling
- —
- Raised in
- Colombia, Ireland, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand
Dairy breed; a large source of beef in Japan, the EU and New Zealand
No breed matches.
Recognised producers, by country
Listed because an independent competition recognised them, with year, organiser and source. Ordered by country and name — Steakpedia does not score or rank producers.
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Producer · Argentina
Azul Natural Beef
Grass-fedGrain-finished 120 d lineDetails
- Region
- Azul, Buenos Aires
- Breeds
- —
- Ageing
- —
- Certified
- —
- Sells to
- China, United States, Malaysia
- Recognitions
- 2021Gold — rib steak, grain-fed and grass-fed categoriesWorld Steak Challenge
- 2023South America’s Best Steak — Signature RibeyeWorld Steak Challenge
Sources: Bichos de Campo, Nov 2021 · Restaurant Online, 14 Nov 2023 · not reviewed by the producer
-
Producer · Argentina
Frigorífico Rioplatense
Grass-fedDetails
- Region
- —
- Breeds
- —
- Ageing
- —
- Certified
- —
- Sells to
- —
- Recognitions
- 2024South America’s Best Steak; World’s Best Grass-Fed FilletWorld Steak Challenge
Sources: FoodNavigator, 18 Nov 2024 · Agrofy News · not reviewed by the producer
-
Producer · Australia
2GR Wagyu
Grain-finishedDetails
- Region
- —
- Breeds
- Wagyu
- Ageing
- —
- Certified
- —
- Sells to
- —
- Recognitions
- 2025World’s Best Grain-Fed FilletWorld Steak Challenge
Sources: Morning Advertiser, 11 Nov 2025 · not reviewed by the producer
-
Producer · Australia
Jack’s Creek
Grain-finishedDetails
- Region
- —
- Breeds
- Wagyu; Wagyu cross
- Ageing
- —
- Certified
- —
- Sells to
- —
- Recognitions
- 2023World’s Best Steak — grain-fed Wagyu cross sirloinWorld Steak Challenge
- 2024World’s Best Steak (second year running); World’s Best WagyuWorld Steak Challenge
- 2025World’s Best Wagyu; Oceania’s Best SteakWorld Steak Challenge
Sources: Restaurant Online, 14 Nov 2023 · Restaurant Online, 12 Nov 2024 · Morning Advertiser, 11 Nov 2025 · not reviewed by the producer
-
Producer · Brazil
Frigorífico Silva
Details
- Region
- Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul
- Breeds
- —
- Ageing
- —
- Certified
- —
- Sells to
- —
- Recognitions
- 2026Silver — ribeyeWorld Steak Challenge
Sources: Compre Rural · not reviewed by the producer
-
Producer · Ireland
Dawn Meats
Grass-fedAgedDetails
- Region
- —
- Breeds
- Angus; Wagyu cross
- Ageing
- 32 days (winning striploin)
- Certified
- —
- Sells to
- Lidl (Ireland, Poland)
- Recognitions
- 2025World’s Best Steak; Europe’s Best Steak; World’s Best Grass-Fed SirloinWorld Steak Challenge
- 2025World’s Best Grass-Fed Ribeye (Wagyu cross)World Steak Challenge
Sources: Morning Advertiser, 11 Nov 2025 · Restaurant Online, 11 Nov 2025 · not reviewed by the producer
-
Producer · Japan
Itoham Yonekyu Holdings
Grain-finishedDetails
- Region
- —
- Breeds
- Japanese Wagyu
- Ageing
- —
- Certified
- JMGA A5
- Sells to
- —
- Recognitions
- 2023Asia’s Best Steak; World’s Best Wagyu — Ito Wagyu A5 sirloinWorld Steak Challenge
- 2024Asia’s Best Steak — Ito Wagyu A5 ribeyeWorld Steak Challenge
Sources: Restaurant Online, 14 Nov 2023 · FoodNavigator-Asia, 18 Nov 2024 · not reviewed by the producer
-
Producer · United States
Creekstone Farms
AgedDetails
- Region
- —
- Breeds
- 100 % Black Angus
- Ageing
- Wet-aged (winning ribeye)
- Certified
- —
- Sells to
- —
- Recognitions
- 2023North America’s Best Steak — wet-aged ribeyeWorld Steak Challenge
Sources: The National Provisioner, 2023 · not reviewed by the producer
No producer with a verifiable external recognition is listed yet for Canada, China, Colombia, France, India, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Paraguay, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, United Kingdom, Uruguay. Producers are added with the same template when an award can be cited.
Articles
- Breed · Scotland, black or red
Angus
The Scottish breed behind much of the world’s steak: why it marbles, black and red, and what “Certified Angus” means. - Origin · Argentina, the Pampas
Argentine beef
The Pampas, British breeds on grass, the frozen-meat boom, the Hilton quota and the criollo cuts. - Producer · Azul, Buenos Aires
Azul Natural Beef
Argentine packer in Azul, Buenos Aires, behind the Devesa brand. Public data only, not producer-reviewed. - Standards · USDA, A5, MSA, EUROP
Beef grading systems
USDA, A5, MSA stars, Korea’s 1++ and EUROP side by side: what each grade measures and what it doesn’t. - Production · The final months
Grass-fed vs grain-fed beef
Pasture vs feedlot beef: flavour, fat, days on grain, and what the science does and doesn’t say. - Breed · England, the white face
Hereford
The white-faced English breed that built the grass-fed herds of Argentina, Uruguay and Australia. - Regional brand · Tajima, Hyōgo
Kobe beef
What makes beef ‘Kobe’, the certification rules, and why most ‘Kobe’ sold abroad never was. - Breed group · Japan, BMS 1–12
Wagyu
The four Japanese breeds, BMS 1–12, what A5 really means, and how Kobe and Australian Wagyu fit in.
Sources
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A dash (—) means the fact has not been verified from a source yet; it is left blank rather than estimated.